What coarse fabrics exist, their properties and uses

Smoother, finer textiles can’t match the unique texture and robust quality of coarser textiles. These materials are well-known for being strong and adaptable, which makes them a popular option for a variety of applications in home décor and fashion.

Coarse textiles have distinct qualities that make them perfect for particular uses, such as the robust feel of burlap or the hardy, rugged character of canvas. These materials are frequently chosen for upholstery and workwear due to their durability and resilience to abrasion.

The various kinds of coarse fabrics, their essential characteristics, and typical applications are examined in this article. Knowing these fabrics can make it easier to choose the appropriate material for projects that call for texture and durability.

Types of dense cotton fabrics

Generally speaking, cotton is used to make the most common fabrics:

  • Batiste is a very thin material with a low density, made from combed threads that are woven together. The material is quite expensive, lace underwear and pillowcases are made from it;
  • Marquisette is somewhat similar to cambric, only the threads are more intertwined. The density is 5 times higher than that of cambric. Marquisette is used to make pastels and curtains;
  • Volta is a smoother and silkier material with a high density. Also made from combed threads intertwined with each other. Light sundresses and underwear are made from this fabric;
  • Percal – openwork thin matter with increased density. To the touch soft and smooth. Quite wear-resistant, does not shrink when washed;

  • Poplin – this material is made using plain weaving. Sometimes untwisted threads are used. Basically, only underwear is made from such fabric;
  • Taffeta is a delicate silk material made from tightly twisted combed thread using plain weave. Such materials are used to make festive items;
  • Krashe is a soft material with a slightly "bumpy" surface. It is made from combed threads, using a rare type of weave, special treatment with solutions. It may contain gold threads. Evening dresses are made from such fabric;
  • Kiseya is a type of gas materials. This is a fairly light transparent fabric of a linen type. During the manufacturing process, straight weft fibers are twisted in pairs. It is used to decorate curtains or outfits;

  • Tulle is a smooth material in a fine mesh. It is made on special machines. It is used to make tutus, curtains and drapes;
  • Guipure – lace material made from fine yarn. It is produced in different ways: by cutting off excess threads, dissolving the threads of the pattern frame after it is completed. In factories, it is produced on spinning machines;
  • Combed satin – made from combed threads, through a satin weave. It is used to create bed linen, T-shirts or towels;
  • Denim – a coarse cotton material, mainly used to make jeans and jackets.

Most goods are constructed from cotton with medium fibers.

  • Chintz is the most common material, made from medium-weave threads. This material is used to sew lightweight items, summer clothes, underwear and curtains;
  • Calico materials – also, like chintz, have a plain weave. By type of finishing, it is divided into soft muslin and hard madapolam. Household items are made from such materials;
  • Coarse calico – 100% dense cotton fabric. In foreign versions of fabrics, synthetic threads can be added. They are made according to different standards. The threads in the fabric are woven very tightly. There are several types of calico, which differ in density. The calico itself is hard and coarse. The price is quite low, compared to other materials;

  • Carded satin is a dense material, made from stronger threads than combed satin. Mercerized and non-mercerized types of fabric are produced.
  • Creton is a dense fabric made from dyed threads, woven in a plain type. As a result, patterns of stripes and diamonds are obtained. Mainly used for furniture upholstery;
  • Tricot is a coarse material made from fine twill or delicately patterned fibers. Sometimes it contains a thin twisted thread. Trousers and tricot are made from this material.

Types of dense linen fabrics

The finishes applied to coarse linen fabric vary: raw, boiled, semi-white, bleached, smooth, variegated melange.

The most important aspect of the material that affects the product’s appearance and other features is its weave type.

History

The earliest examples of these textiles were discovered in Switzerland during the 7th century. These textiles are currently kept in a number of museums. Clothes made of animal fur or skins were less common in the past than linen products. Jute and burlap are examples of rough textiles that were less popular back then. Oil, threads, clothes, and different types of lace undergarments are all made from flax. It resists wear and tear, is hypoallergenic, and doesn’t deteriorate with time. Over 8,000 thousand years ago, in India, linen materials were first produced. That’s when flax started being used for manufacturing.

After India, coarse Persian fabric was produced in Egypt and Persia. Egypt was especially famous for the production of linen products, where they made thin, almost transparent products that completely showed through the body. For a very long time, linen products were noble and had a high price. Only people from royal families bought such things. In Rus", flax began to gain popularity only after the 9th century. Already in the 18th century, it was as popular as bread production. When hand weaving disappeared, the prices for fabrics fell sharply. Today, the highest quality flax can be bought in Spain, Italy, and Sweden. American factories also succeeded in production. In our country, flax is produced at a high level, but is one of the inexpensive materials. In Europe, flax is more of an expensive material, over the centuries the manufacturing technology has changed significantly.

After first being dried, the raw materials are processed and ground. After then, the dew softens it. It may stay there for months. The weather is a major factor. After all, the canvas cannot be made until the flax is removed.

Production

  1. First, you need to collect the plants and process them into straw;
  2. Next, it is scattered on the field for several weeks so that it is saturated with dew, and the fibers are easily separated from it;
  3. After the straw has lain in the dew, it must be dried and shaken to get a trust;
  4. It is combed and made into a ribbon, and an interwoven thread is obtained from the ribbon;
  5. From such a thread, using the method of plain weaving, a fabric of material is made;
  6. The finished product can be bleached or painted.

However, all of the guidelines for cultivating this plant must be followed in order to yield high-quality fiber; otherwise, the finished product will be brittle and degrade quickly.

Properties

This type of fabric has great strength and abrasion resistance. Depending on the kind of raw material, the strength is additionally increased by 15% in wet form. Elasticity: Linen materials have very little elasticity. Physical attributes include a 15% increase in hygroscopicity, a 35% increase in fiber swellability, heat resistance (able to withstand temperatures above 100 degrees), and UV resistance. The highest resistance is to chemicals. The substances that flax fibers are resistant to. The fabric softens following a variety of treatments. However, alkali dissolves it, weakening the substance.

Care

Maintaining these types of textiles is a breeze. The fabric can shrink because it’s natural, so it needs to be decatized before any work is done. You can wash neutral-colored materials (like black and white) in hot water. Colored products should be washed at a temperature of no more than fifty degrees. High-speed spinning is not allowed because it will make it difficult to smooth out folds.

Density of woolen and silk fabrics

Silk fabric weighs 70 grams per meter, and thinner varieties weigh 40 grams. Natural silk goods are primarily produced in low density, smooth weaves in a variety of colors, as well as printed patterns that are occasionally variegated. These textiles will have a density of 81.81 g/sq.m.m. The density of wool, which is used to make sweaters and other costumes, is 150–300 g/sq. m.

Fabric Properties and Uses
Canvas Durable, heavy-duty fabric used for tents, bags, and workwear.
Burlap Rough texture, commonly used for sacks, gardening, and rustic decor.
Denim Strong, thick cotton fabric, primarily used for jeans and jackets.
Tweed Coarse wool fabric, ideal for jackets, coats, and suits.
Hessian Sturdy, breathable material, often used for upholstery and sacks.

Coarse fabrics have special benefits for both function and style. These textiles are notable for their resilience and frequently feature a rough texture that works well for a variety of real-world uses. Because of their durability and toughness, materials like burlap, canvas, and tweed are perfect for outdoor gear, workwear, and home décor.

Coarse fabrics add a natural and rustic charm that works well in both traditional and contemporary designs, even though they might not have the softest feel. They are a popular choice for bags, upholstery, and even fashion pieces where texture is important because of their breathability and capacity to retain shape.

Knowing these fabrics’ characteristics and applications can help choose the best material for a given application, be it sturdily accentuating a room or heavy-duty tasks. In addition to their strength, coarse fabrics are prized for the unique character they bring to any undertaking.

Denim, burlap, and canvas are examples of coarse textiles that are renowned for their robustness, longevity, and rough texture. These materials are commonly utilized in applications that demand durability, like workwear, bags, and upholstery. They are prized for their usefulness, durability, and capacity to hold their shape even after prolonged use, which makes them perfect for both decorative and functional uses, despite their rough feel.

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Maria Vlasova

Fabric researcher and collector. My passion is finding rare and unique materials that can inspire me to create something special. I travel a lot to find new fabrics and learn about the traditions of their production. On this site I share my discoveries and talk about how to choose and use fabrics in different areas of life.

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